ENERGY CRISES IN PAKISTAN

An energy crisis is any great bottle neck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy . In popular literature though, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, particularly those that supply national electrcity grids or serve as fuel for vehicles. Energy is considered to be life line of any economy and most vital instrument of socioeconomic development of a country. Energy is pivotal in running machinery in factories and industrial units, for lighting our cities and powering our vehicles etc. Electricity, oil and gas are most essential part of daily lives and their shortage has brought a disastrous set back in the lifestyles of individuals as well as the whole economy country is facing more than 15 hours of load shedding per day shortage of gas for house holds and industry and the situation is worsening every passing day.

Root causes of energy crises

Economic and political Instability
circular det,Effects our GDP and energy growth
Flacutaion of oil prices in international market
wapda &kesc purchuase expensive oil and transfer cost to customer
   Faulty Distribution system
   we waste 15 to 20 percent energy through poor distribution system line loses
   Aging of equipment
enable to genrate required electricity
   Silting process
    it is a naturally caused process which reduces the shortage capacity of reservoirs
    Effects of Energy Crises
    Effect on Industry   Pakistan’s economy is dependent on SME’s which act as the backbone of economy but due to energy crisis many industries are closing down as basic resources such as electricity and gas are not available to them.

Unemployment industry closures lead to unemployment that is yet another load on the economy.

Effect on Foreign Investment:With absence of basic natural resources foreign investors and multi nationals have also taken a back foot in investing in Pakistan

Alternate Energy Resources

Wind Power: It is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy such as using wind turbines for making electricity, wind mills for mechanical power, wind pumps for water pumping or drainage or sails to propel ships

Tidal Power also called tidal energy, is a form of hydro power that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power – mainly electricity

Bio Diesel refers to a vegetable oil or animal fat based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters.

Bio Energy is renewable energy made available from material derived from biological resources.

Solar Power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP)

Geo Thermal Energy is the thermal energy generated and stored in Earth. Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter

Nuclear Power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the worlds energy

Mitigation of energy crises

crisis Management

e exploit Alternate Energy Resources

P pubblic Awareness

L Long Term policies

P political Stability

B better Utilization of Current Natural Resources

C Crises Management Monitor usage (2) Reduce consumption,prevent wastage of natural resources (3) energy Rationing (4) Fuel Rationing (5) Genrate energy through another resources

Pakistan conventional energy resources

Pakistan Renewable energy Resources

(1) Wind energy (2) Solar energy (3) Bio Mass&Bio Fuels (4) Geo Thermal energy

Recommendations

Short Term Plan

Increase the number of IPP’s (Independent Power Producers)

R Ractivate the closed power generating units

O overhaul the existing poor distribution system

I import electricity to fulfill the current need for industries on ad hoc basis

Government should have strict check on energy indicators on regular basis to counter such crisis in future.

Medium Term Plan

Transformation of existing system to renewable energy resources.Developing and installing bio gas, solar, wind and micro hydro based projects in villages

Long Term Plan.

D developing and installing coal based powerhouses.

E Exploration for more oil, gas and coal reserves .Provide incentives for up-gradation and training to the engineer for new technology Initiate agreements for mega projects with the energy extensive countries for sustainable energy resources.

C Conclusion.

Go Government of Pakistan needs to take strong steps to over haul its existing infrastructure in energy and transform it into renewable energy sources for the future.

St steps need to be taken in coal exploration as Pakistan is rich in coal reserves & coal can bear the burden of energy crisis in Pakistan.

St srict laws must be enacted to ensure electricity theft and wastage of natural resources should be prevented through strict rules and regulation

Some important facts